What are Artificial Neural Networks?
For working in ANNs user should know algebra and the handling of functions and vectors. Differential calculus is recommendable but not necessary.
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One efficient way of solving complex problems is following the lemma ?divide and
conquer?. A complex system may be decomposed into simpler elements, in order to be able
to understand it. Also simple elements may be gathered to produce a complex system . Networks are one approach for achieving this. There are a large number of
different types of networks, but they all are characterized by the following components: a set
of nodes, and connections between nodes.
The nodes can be seen as computational units. They receive inputs, and process them
to obtain an output.
The connections determine the information flow between nodes. They can be
unidirectional, when the information flows only in one sense, and bidirectional, when the
information flows in either sense.
One type of network sees the nodes as ?artificial neurons?. These are called artificial
neural networks (ANNs). An artificial neuron is a computational model inspired in the
natural neurons. Natural neuronsreceive signals through synapses located on the dendrites
or membrane of the neuron. When the signals received are strong enough (surpass a certain
threshold), the neuron is activated and emits a signal though the axon. This signal might be
sent to another synapse, and might activate other neurons. 
Artificial Neuron
The higher a weight of an artificial neuron is, the stronger the input which is
multiplied by it will be.
Weights can also be negative, so we can say that the signal is
inhibited by the negative weight.
The number of types of ANNs and their uses is very high.
Since the first neural
model have been developed hundreds of different
models considered as ANNs. The differences in them might be the functions, the accepted
values, the topology, the learning algorithms, etc.
The function of ANNs is to process information, they are used mainly in fields
related with it. There are a wide variety of ANNs that are used to model real neural
networks, and study behaviour and control in animals and machines, but also there are
ANNs which are used for engineering purposes, such as pattern recognition, forecasting,
and data compression.
There are weights assigned with each arrow, which represent information flow.
These weights are multiplied by the values which go through each arrow, to give more or
less strength to the signal which they transmit. The neurons of this network just sum their
inputs. Since the input neurons have only one input, their output will be the input they
received multiplied by a weight.
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Artificial Neural Networks
Ayesha
Tech writer at newsandstory